Volcano Eruption

 Krakatoa

 

Where is it? 

• Rakata Island, Indonesia

When did it last erupt?

• 2020, started in 1883

Damage it has done?

• Krakatoa has done a lot of damage to the places and people around it. 

• In 1833 Krakatoa first erupted. Ash fell on Singapore, Cocos Island, and ships as far as 6067 km west-northwest. Darkness covered the Sunda Straits from 11 a.m on the 27th until the next day. At least 36,417 people were killed, most people died from giant sea waves, and coastal villages were destroyed. When the eruption ended, only ⅓ of Krakatau remained above sea level and new islands formed from the magma spewing out of the volcano

• It had destroyed and formed lands while also causing havoc for residents and other countries.

How and when was it formed?

• Since Krakatoa lies along the Indian-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates its how it was formed. Because the two tectonic plates are dangerous at risk of high volcanic and seismic activity it's pretty common that one was made. It supposedly started/formed in 400 BC. 

Interesting random facts?

• the first eruption lasted one minute and 12 seconds 

• The 1883 eruption was the loudest sounds ever reported in the history

•  Records held that 165 villages and towns surrounding Kratatoa were destroyed and 132 more were seriously damaged 

• Karatoa had killed 30.000+ people

• in August 1883 was one of the most deadly  colacine eruptions in modern history, it is estimated that more than 36.00 people died. the eruption aslp affected the climate and caused temperature to drop over the world.

• Karatoa belongs to the ring of fire 

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Pictures + Videos

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGcbNn4Vk1w

Today in science we had the opportunity to erupt our volcano. I didn't originally research about this volcano, when we first started this topic, hence why the volcano isn't Mt Tarawera. There is a video of the eruption but that will be added in to this blog poster late because we are still waiting for it to be sent.

How we made it to erupt: 

15ml of warm water

25ml of hydrogen peroxide

2 spatulas of potassium iodine into the warm water and stir.

Hydrogen peroxide food coloring and soap into the bottle that sits inside the volcano.

Warm water and potassium iodine is then added with the Hydrogen peroxide and soap which is how elephant toothpaste is made. 

Volcano Research

Mount Tarawera / Okataina Volcanic Centre

This is a volcano that is located in the North Island of NZ. It is 24 kilometre southeast of Rotorua. It is a very unusual volcano, with several large domes and a broad flat top.

The last known eruption of Mount Tarawera was on the 10th of June 1886, This eruption was six hours long and left a massive destruction. 

The explosion destroyed a few villages, and wiped out the silica hot springs known as today as Pink and White Terraces. It killed up to 100+ people, who were mostly people of Maori decent.

It was formed by volcanic activity hundred of years ago. The inhabits who live near Mt Tarawera  which were Maori and Europeans had no clue that it was active volcano. It is one of the worst known eruptions in the whole of New Zealand and was one of the larger.

One of the legends blames the eruption on the people of Te Ariki village who had eaten forbidden honey.  Those in the village that ate the honey were killed, while people in nearby villages who did not eat it were allowed to live. The other myth involving Mount Tarawera is  A man-eating demon named Tamaohoi who once lived on t\Mount Tarawera. He was imprisoned on the mountain by Ngatoro. he slept and slept for many centuries. Under the influence of the white man, the morals of the local people declined until there was a call for Tamaohoi. He exploded from the mountain and seeked out the need to kill many people in the village/s

 

Marshmallow Catapult shooter

Marshmallow Catapult shooter

Aim:To make a marshmallow shooter and work out what forces are acting on it.

Equipment: Paper cup, Scissors, Balloons, Marshmallows

Method:

1. Cut out the bottom of the cup.
2. Cut off the neck of the balloon.
3. Stretch the open end of the balloon over the bottom of the cup.
4. Place marshmallow in cup.
5. Pull balloon back to fire marshmallow.

Results:

Discussion:

forces acting on marshmallow

Gravity ↓  Support ↑  Friction ←  Thrust→

When the marshmallow was in the cup all the forces (the ones named above) were even as it wasn't moving. As soon as we released the marshmallow from the cup the forced that was more greater used was thrust because the marshmallow sped up, Then when it come back toward the ground gravity was for sure 

the greater used force

Conclusion:

This experiment worked out really well, some groups taped there balloon to the cup making it more stable to aim and shoot this should be added in next time. Moral of the story It was actually quite a fun experiment especially because shooting the marshmallows around the class was like so much fun.....

Metal & Acids

Testing for Hydrogen Gas

The other day in science we done and experiment testing for hydrogen gas.

Aim:To show that hydrogen gas is produced when a metal reacts with acid.

Equipment:A test tube, a boiling tube, Bunsen burner, wooden splint, a bottle of acid, a piece of metal, safety glasses

Method:

1.Light Bunsen burner

2.Add you sample of metal to your test tube. Add 2 mL of acid.

3.Carefully invert the boiling tube above the test tube containing the metal and acid.

4.Hold the test tubes together for a few minuets,

5.When you think the tube is full, your lab partner should light a wooden splint

6.Carefully, but quickly,tilt the boiling tube full of gas upwards and insert the burning splint into the mouth of the tube

Observation:

The gas gets collected into the big test tube, we then put the burning splint into the test tube. As you put the splint in you'll here a noise come from it. which is quite loud and deafening

Acid & Base

Acid Rain

Aim-To make acid rain

Equipment- Petri dish, Weigh boat, Universal indicator, Bromothynol blue, Calcium carbonate, Petal, Blue litmus, Apple, Sodium sulfate, Sulfuric acid.

Method-

1.Gather all the equipment together.

2.Get the Petri dish and place the weigh boat into the center

3.Now place the Universal indicator, Bromothynol blue, Calcium carbonate, Petal, Blue litmus, 4.Apple around the outside of the petri dish

5.Put in a spatula of sodium sulfate & a few drops of sulfuric acid into the weigh boat.

6.Then quickly close it up with the lid and wait for them to change  

Observation- Before it was added the sodium sulfate & the sulfuric acid, we took note on what this products before & after effect was. The effect on this products was they changed colour and texture

What substance	Before	After
Universal indicator (liquid)	Light Green	Red
Bromothymol blue (liquid)	Dark Blue	Yellow
Calcium carbonate (powder)	White Powder	Nude Chalky texture
Petal	Green	The edges turned a little red
Blue litmus (paper)	Blue	Pinky/red colour
Apple	Juicy yellow apple	Loss of moisture, went dry

Discussion-

-These products such a Universal indicator, changed to a Red/pink colour meaning that it was and acid based product, 

-Bromothynol blue was a dark blue colour but after the acid rain it changed to a vibrant yellow therefore it was an acid 

-Calcium carbonate this substances is netheir and acid of base product.

-Only the edges of the petal changed are colour which was a pinky/red but it int no acid or base

-Blue litmus paper started of as blue obviously but the after the acid rain encounter its changed to a red therefore it is an acid

Apple had a different reaction than the rest of this substances so it neither and acid or base cause there was no colour changed involved

Conclusion

This experiment was very interesting to do. I really enjoyed being able to watch these substance change colour and textures. Acid Rain was and overall blast and I wouldnt change anything ong

Acid and Bases

Testing pH

Aim: To test the pH of a range of household chemicals

Equipment: A variety of household chemicals, spotting tile, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, Universal indicator solution, safety glasses

Method: 
Add a few drops of each chemical to a spot on your spotting tile. If a substance is solid or powered you will need to mix it a few drops of water before testing it.

Test the chemical with litmus paper.

Test each chemical with a few drops of Universal Indicator

Results:

Chemical being tested	Colour in blue litmus	Colour in red litmus	Colour in Universal indicator
Vinegar	Turned Red	No change	A light red colour
Baking Soda	No change	Turned violet	A light blue colour
Fabric Softener	Turned Light red	Changed to a dark red	A orange colour
Spray & Wipe	Turned Light blue	Changed to a dark blue	A green colour

Chemical being tested	Acid or base?	Evidence from investigation
Vinegar	Acid- vinegar is an acid because when you add universal indicator it turns to a red	Turned Red
Baking Soda	Base- This is a base because when its added to the universal indicator it turns a blue and on the pH scale that's a base colour	Turned Blue
Fabric Softener	Acid-is an acid because when you add universal indicator it turns to a a pasific colour	Turned a red-ish orange
Spray & Wipe	Neutral- Its a colour that stays in the middle meaning its green	Green

Atoms

For the past few days in science class we've been learning about atoms and the main parts that make up atoms. In today's class were made a model atom. Here is the equipment and method yous need/use to make this.

Equipment:
-1 piece of paper/care
-30 cm of string (doesn't have to be accurate)
-Clump of blue tac
-Coloured beads for protons + neutrons

Method:
-Stick p+n beads to blue tac
-Cut out rings from paper
-Draw electrons onto rings
-Create a label
-Tape string to back of paper so it can hang up.

Discussion-I've decide to make a model of Boron 'B'. This element is made up of 5 protons, 5 electrons and 6 neutrons. The Atomic number is 5 and the Mass number is 11. All this numbers make up the whole of Boron. It would be easier to gain more electrons to make the outer shell full

Conclusion- I wont change anything cause mines alright

Smoking

Smoking

What does smoking do to your body?

Smoking can cause dangerous mutations (eg: cancer)

Your blood walls thicken

For woman smoking can lead to them not being able to get pregnant

and for males it can lead to them not being able to have an erection 

Long term effects

Loss of smell and taste

Increased rick of having stroke or heart attack

Teeth get tar and start to decay

Coughing or dizziness

Benefits of giving it up

Quitting Smoking means breaking and long addiction, this also tells the brain to stop wanting nicotine every so often. Your body becomes much more healthier and your lungs start to return to the non-smoker state. But your lungs wont go back to normal right away.

Is vaping any better?

Vaping is less harmful than cigarettes, But it still not safe. Because the smoke you inhale from vapes still inflame your lungs.

              

Eye Dissection

Dissection of Cows Eye

Aim:

To watch and see what parts make up the eye

Method:

Using scissors we cut off the muscles/fat from around the eye, muscles helps the eye move around

Then we made a slit using our scalpel to remove all the Vitreous Humor from inside

We cut down the middle of the eyeball and removed the iris and lens

which help you see and give your eye color and it also controls the size of your pupil

Next we turn it inside out and looked at the beautiful colors of the Optic nerve, beside the optic nerve the retina detectors light  

and the photo down below was our results

I learnt about all the part of and eye and I enjoyed take apart the eye parts.

Sankqqq

Science

Sugar Crystals

Currently in science we are making Sugar Crystals

Aim:To make a sugar crystal out of a very saturated solution

Equipment:Beakers,Bunsen Burner,Tripod,Heat proof mat,Gauze Mat,Stirring Rod,stick

Ingredients:250 grams of Sugar, 50ml of water

Method:

Start by gathering the equipment and ingredients

Fill up your measuring cylinder with 50ml of water

Pour into beaker, Boil water with Bunsen Burner or if your at home boil the jug

When the water is bubbling take it of the Bunsen burner,add sugar bit by bit until the water turn into a kind of wax

Now add flavoring and coloring if you would like.

Now cover your stick with sugar so that the sugar crystal will be able to form.

You can now place you stick into your beaker or cup and use something to hold the stick above the cup 

they will be ready in a week or 2

Discussion:Crystallization

Making Crystals can separate a solid from a liquid, However a highly concentrated solution was needed (Saturated Solution) in order for crystal to grow

My results

Nothing at the moment

Home Chemistry

Topic: Home chemistry

1.* Make Hokey Pokey by putting 4 tablespoons of sugar and 2 tablespoons of golden syrup in a saucepan. Bring to boil and simmer gently for about 5 minutes. Then add a heaped teaspoon of baking soda and stir vigorously. Put in a greased dish to cool. Explain why heating baking soda releases carbon dioxide Which makes the hokey pokey rise. show example to your teacher
2.** Carry out a activity suggested by your teacher, using websites your teacher has nominated. the activity should involve you powerful and simulating learning
3.*find out and report on how you could distinguish between sugar and salt without tasting it
4.* place 1 m depth of standard milk, in an ice cream container of flat dish. Allow the milk to settle. add drops of different food in the centre of the container Dip a match stick in to the liquid detergent  and then touch the match stick onto the milk in the centre of the container. Explain what you observer
5***. Make a fizzy drink mixture by mixing together 1 teaspoon each of baking soda, Tartaric acid, or citric acid and sugar. put 1 teaspoon of this mixture in a glass of water and stir vigorously. Add CO2. Investigate which proportions of tartaric acid and baking soda produce the most bubbles and record your result on a chart or graph.
6*.place some drops of water on a piece of cotton or wool material and observe what happens. Now touch each of  of the drops with a match or tooth pick which has been dipped in dish washing liquid. Record what you see and explain why Detergent and then touch the match stick onto the milk in the centre of the container.Explain what you observe.
7. *make a funnel by cutting the top third off a plastic soft drink bottle. Use a circle of paper towel as a filter paper. Demonstrate how it works to your teacher by filtering a mixture of soil and water.
8. Sherbet 1 tsp baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) 1 tsp citric acid. 3 Tbsp icing sugar. 2 Tbsp flavoured jelly crystals. bowls & measuring spoons
9.**Sugar crystals,Put hot water in a class add coloring (optional) get a wool string and tie to a ice black stick,then put in the hot water.
10.**Design an experiment the tests the amount of salt the must be in water before it will not freeze when left overnight in your freezer. Write a report on what you did and the results.

AIM: To find out about the tongue and the different taste buds.

Method:

1.  I mixed all the ingredients in a ziplock bag.

2. Tasted the ingredients.

1 tsp baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)

2 tsp citric acid.

3 Tbsp icing sugar.

4 Tbsp flavoured jelly crystals.

bowls & measuring spoons

Findings: Once the sherbet hits your taste buds you get all kinds of feeling on your tongue,

These are some of the feeling you get on your tongue. Salty , sweet, sour, bitter.

Make Hokey Pokey by putting 4 tablespoons of sugar and 2 tablespoons of golden syrup in a saucepan.

Bring to boil and simmer gently for about 5 minutes. Then add a

heaped teaspoon of baking soda and stir vigorously. Put in a greased

dish to cool. Explain why heating baking soda releases carbon dioxide

Which makes the hokey pokey rise. show example to your teacher